This book contains a study of criminal enforcement in Latin America with special emphasis on Brazil and Mexico, in the light of human rights. The author shows some overlapping realities between the two countries, either in social or criminal and prison, and made a tour of prisons in both regions, identifying common and chronic problems of both, which have challenged, For decades, rulers and society. The purpose of the book is to present findings and proposals (both general and specific) that can not only reduce crime but also extramural and humanize decongest prisons. Moreover, turning them into a space where those rights are preserved effectively achieved not by law and sentencing, and provide an implementation consistent with respect for fundamental rights of prisoners. Given the residual of the penalty proposed implementation holds progressive alternatives to comisores criminal misdemeanor and, simultaneously, the legalization and decriminalization of certain acts as part of a rational and modern criminal policy.